Kaziranga National Park: Home to some unique species
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2008-07-16 07:45
Kaziranga is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam, India.It is a World Heritage Site, and two-thirds of the world's Great One-horned Rhinoceroses live in the park. Kaziranga has the highest density of tigers among protected areas in the world and was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006. The park has large breeding populations of elephants, water buffalo and swamp deer. Kaziranga is recognised as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International for conservation of avifaunal species. The park has achieved notable success in wildlife conservation compared to other protected areas in India. Located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, the park combines high-species diversity and visibility.
Kazirranga a Karbi word i.e., a village belongs to one Karbi Lady 'Kazir'. According to Tai-Ahom scholars the word 'Kaziranga' means a place or home of various horn animals such as: Rhino, elephant, bufallo, deer etc. The word is interpreted as -Ka= animal, zi = a store or home, ranga = horned animals.
Kaziranga contains significant breeding populations of 35 mammalian species, of which 15 are threatened as per the IUCN Red List. .The park has the distinction of being home to the world's largest population of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros (1,855), Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo and Eastern Swamp Deer Significant populations of large herbivores include elephants , gaur and sambar. Small herbivores include the Indian Muntjac, wild boar and hog deer. Kaziranga is one of the few wild breeding areas outside Africa for multiple species of large cats such as Indian Tigers and Leopards. Kaziranga was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006 and has the highest density of tigers in the world (one per five km²), with a population of 86, as per the 2000 census.Kaziranga has been identified by Birdlife International as an Important Bird Area.It is home to a variety of migratory birds, water birds, predators, scavengers and game birds.
Four main types of vegetation types exist in the park. These are alluvial inundated grasslands, alluvial savanna woodlands, tropical moist mixed deciduous forests and tropical semi-evergreen forests. Based on Landsat data for 1986, percent coverage by vegetation is: tall grasses 41%, short grasses 11%, open jungle 29%, swamps 4%, rivers and water bodies 8%, and sand 6%.

There is a difference in altitude between the eastern and western areas, with the western side being at a lower altitude. The western reaches of the park are dominated by grasslands. Tall elephant grass is found on higher ground, while short grasses cover the lower grounds surrounding the beels or flood-created ponds.
Annual flooding, grazing by herbivores and controlled burning maintains and fertilizes the
grasslands and reeds. Common tall grasses are sugarcanes, spear grass, Elephant Grass and the Common Reed. Numerous forbs are present along with the grasses. Amidst the grasses, providing cover and shade are scattered trees—dominant species including Kumbhi, Indian gooseberry, the cotton tree (in savanna woodlands), and Elephant apple (in inundated grasslands).
National Park has been granted maximum protection under the Indian law for wildlife conservation. Various laws, which include the Assam Forest Regulation of 1891 and the Biodiversity Conservation Act of 2002 have been enacted for protection of wildlife in the park. Poaching activities, particularly of the rhinoceroses for its horn, has been a major concern for the authorities.
Between 1980 and 2005, 567 rhinoceroses were hunted by poachers.
Perennial flooding and heavy rains have resulted in death of wild animals and damage to the
conservation infrastructures.To escape the water-logged areas, many animals migrate to elevated regions outside the park boundaries where they are susceptible to hunting, hit by speeding vehicles, or subject to reprisals by villagers for damaging their crops. . To mitigate the losses, the authorities have increased patrols, purchased additional speedboats for patrol, and created artificial highlands for shelter. Several corridors have been set up for the safe passage of animals across National Highway–37 which skirts around the southern boundary of the park. To prevent the spread of diseases and maintain the genetic distinctness of the wild species, systematic steps such as
immunization of livestock in surrounding villages, and fencing of sensitive areas of the park, which are susceptible to encroachment by local cattle are undertaken periodically. The Wildlife wing of the forest department of the Government of Assam is responsible for the administration and management of Kaziranga, which is headquartered at Bokakhat. . The park receives financial aid from the State Government as well as the Ministry of Environment and Forests of Government of India under various Plan and Non-Plan Budgets. Additional funding is received under the Project Elephant from the Central Government. In 1997–1998, a grant of US$ 100,000 was received under the Technical Co-operation for Security Reinforcement scheme from the World Heritage Fund. Additional funding is also received from national & international Non-governmental organizations.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2010-03-09 23:16
Dudhwa Tiger Reserve lies on the India-Nepal border in the foothills of the Himalaya and the plains of the ‘terai’ in Uttar Pradesh. From mosaic grasslands and dense sal forests to swampy marshes, the terrain of Dudhwa National Park is as diverse as the wildlife population it harbors. While the northern edge of the Park lies along the Indo-Nepal border, the River Suheli marks the southern boundary.A Tiger Reserve since 1879, Dudhwa became a National Park in 1977 and adopted the Project Tiger in 1988. Although the Tigers at the Park are numerous, sightings are rare due to the thick forest cover of the area. Besides Tigers, Leopards, Hispid Hares, Swamp Deer (Barasingha) and Rhinos thrive amidst the vegetation.Dudhwa is the last remnant of Terai region, one of the most endangered ecosystems on the planet.This complex ecosystem is a beautiful mosaic of dense Sal jungles, Grasslands and Swamps.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2010-02-24 21:59
Bara Shigri Glacier, the largest glacier in Himachal Pradesh, is located in the Chandra valley of Lahaul and it feeds the river Chenab. This glacier, 25 km long and about 3 km wide, lies on the middle slopes of the main Himalayan range. On the three sides of it, it has high mountains. All around are the great peaks of the Parvati headwaters -- White Sail, Indrasan and, further up the range, Kulu Makalu and the Parbati peak itself
Submitted by Lisha on Tue, 2010-02-16 23:17
Orange is the word. Does it remind an Indian of a place in the country. If at all it lights a bulb, the best guess one would make is that of Nagpur. There is a place in the world where an Orange festival is held each year. Far from the country's centre, in the picturisque settings on the gentler of the Himalayas. The Month is November. The State is Tripura.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2009-12-19 07:10
Chilka Lake (Chilika Lake) is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Orissa state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal. It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest lagoon in the World.It is the largest wintering ground for migratory waterfowl found anywhere on the Indian sub-continent. It is one of the hotspot of biodiversity in the country, and some rare, vulnerable and endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened Animals inhabit in the lagoon for atleast part of their life cycle.Chilka Lake is designated as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
Submitted by Anil Raj on Thu, 2009-12-03 23:59
The Cellular Jail, also known as kala pani (literally 'Black water', a term for the deep sea and hence exile) situated in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands was completed in 1906. The prison was known to house many notable Indian activists during the struggle for India's independence.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2009-08-21 07:44
The calm and peaceful Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary is reputed as the largest wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka. Nestling some very rare animal and birds is an unspoilt, untouched and unexplored treasure of wildlife that is sure to leave you spellbound. Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary abounds with a richness of Flora and Fauna. Its richness and diversity offers ample opportunities to nature lovers to enjoy the captivating landscape. The sanctuary is generally undulating with steep slopes with picturesque deep river valleys and rich hilly forest terrain. The breathtaking valleys, regal looking meandering rivers and the splendid scenic beauty of the syntheri rock make it an awe inspiring experience. The forest in Dandeli is typical moist deciduous and semi evergreen types, with pockets of every green.
Submitted by Lisha on Fri, 2009-07-24 01:36

Chitradurga Fort (derives its name from Chitrakaldurga), or as the British call it Chitaldoorg, straddles several hills and a peak overlooking a flat valley in the Chitradurga District, Karnataka, India. The fort's name Chitrakaldurga, which means 'picturesque fort' in Kannada, is the namesake of the town Chitradurga and its administrative district.
The Fort was built in stages between the tenth and eighteenth centuries by the dynastic rulers of the region, including the Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas and Hoysalas as well as the Nayakas of Chitradurga, feudal lords in the Vijayanagar Empire. The Nayakas of Chitradurga or Paleygars (also called little Kings), were most responsible for the expansion of the fort between the 15th century and 18th century. They were defeated by Hyder Ali at Chitradurga in 1779 AD. Later the fort was expanded and strengthened by Hyder Ali and his son Tippu Sultan, who succeeded Madakari Nayaka V, the last ruler of the Nayaka clan.
Submitted by Lisha on Fri, 2009-07-17 01:17
Rivers in India are considered to be highly sacred in the Hindu mythology and are glorified as goddesses. And the confluence of these rivers typically represent immortal piety. Panch Prayag meaning five confluences is steeped in legends and traditional heritage. Located in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, the Panch Prayag is a must visit for every devotee while the sanctity and the glorified fame of the river confluences draws tourists from all across the globe.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2009-06-17 21:57
This forms one of the most strenuous routes for trekking which lies at an altitude of 5320 m above sea level. Lying in the Kullu – Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh, this pass is conspicuous by its rocky terrains and prayer flags. Once on this pass, you cannot miss the aerial view of the snow capped mountains that acts as a contrast to the barren mountain declivities. You will be baffled to see the cultivated villages that denotes the cultural life of the people. The most delightful exploration will definitely be the small monasteries that lies in the secluded areas of the passes.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2009-06-02 07:15
Rohtang Pass, 51 KM from Manali, is a high mountain pass that connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahul and Spiti valleys of Himachal Pradesh. India. It has become a summer tourist spot, all thanks to the rising popularity of Manali, and excellent roads maintained by Border Road Organization. Almost every visitor to Manali yearns to visit Rohtang Pass as one can walk over and touch snow even in the peak of summer on this pass.This point is one of the main attraction for tourists coming to Manali. The Rohtang pass is 51 KM north of Manali and it is located on Manali Keylong Highway at an altitude of 4111 meters ( 13,400 ft ). This pass opens for tourist from April end to October end of the year. The permission to travel on this highway is given by Indian army after they clear the snow and inspect the road for it's fitness and safety for movement of person and the vehicles.Manali is the gateway to Rohtang pass beyond which lie the twin valley of Lahaul and Spiti. In winter the mountain slopes are snow clad and they turn into perfect skiing slopes. This point is one of the main attraction for tourists coming to Manali.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2009-05-12 07:53
Rameswaram is a town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on an island separated from mainland India by the Pamban channel and is less than 40 kilometers from the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. Together with Kashi, it is considered to be one of the holiest places in India to Hindus. Hence, it is a bustling pilgrim centre. It is situated in the Gulf of Mannar at the very tip of the Indian peninsula. According to legend, this is the place from where Lord Rama built a bridge Ram Setu(also known as Adam's Bridge) across the sea to Lanka to rescue his consort Sita from her abductor Ravana.The religious island is spread in an area of 61.8 square kilometers and happens to be in the shape of a conch. The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of Rameshwaram.The presiding deity here is in the form of a Linga with the name Sri Ramanatha Swamy, it also happens to be one of the twelve Jyotirlingas.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2009-04-15 07:40
Coorg or Kodagu (originally called Kodaimalenadu) means 'dense forest on steep hill'. Dubbed as the Scotland of India, this town has a lot to offer to the tourist. Misty hills, lush forest, acres and acres of tea and coffee plantation, orange groves, undulating streets and breathtaking views are what make Madikeri an unforgettable holiday destination. Coorg is on the Western Ghats. Set amidst verdant valleys, imposing mountains and teak wood forests, this is one of the most beautiful hill stations you can visit. It lies on Karnataka's southwestern end, covering an area of 4,102 sq km.The wooded slopes, quaint villages, colorful scenery and undulating landscape has fascinated tourists until today. Endless mountain ranges, ridge after ridge of grassy and forest clad slopes raising to the sky, give Coorg its unique & irreplaceable character.
Submitted by Lisha on Thu, 2009-04-02 13:24

Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, located near the historic town of Srirangapatna, in the Mandya District of the state of Karnataka in India, is an important tourist destination from Mysore city orthe adjoining Vrindavan gardens, both of which are barely 20 km away. It is a very small sanctuary, being only 0.67 km². in area, and comprises six islets on the banks of the Kaveri River. The isolated islets and the abundance of aquatic insects during the monsoon make Ranganathittu a favorite abode for birds.
Ranganathittu attained the status of a bird sanctuary in 1940, courtesy of the visions of India’s noted ornithologist. Dr. Salim Ali observed that the isles formed an important nesting ground for birds, and persuaded the Wodeyar kings of Mysore to declare the area a wildlife sanctuary in 1940.
Submitted by Lisha on Fri, 2009-03-27 23:31
Akshardham means the eternal, divine abode of the supreme God, the abode of eternal values and virtues of Akshar as defined in the Vedas and Upanishads where divine bhakti, purity and peace forever pervades.
It is built along the river Yamuna and lies over an area of around 100 acres with beautiful gardens, water fountains and carved pavilions. The temple took complete two years for completion and a hefty sum of rupees was invested in the construction. According to estimates, around 2 billion was spent in the construction of this masterpiece which indeed depicts the great Hindu religion.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2009-03-20 06:49
Situated at 9,000 kms. above sea level, Sonmarg is one of the smallest resorts in Kashmir, lying in the heart of a gorgeous valley carved by the river Sindh.Also known as "Golden meadow", this place gets its name 'Son' meaning golden, from the bloom of yellow crocuses that fill this valley in the spring. It can be reached by roads, which runs through the picturesque Sind valley flanked on one side by the densely populated slopes and many varieties of alpine flowers. A gushing river is the highlight of this meadow, flowing down from snowy heights into the dense woodlands of firs and silver birches.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2009-03-13 06:56
Khajjiar is one of the most beautiful hill resorts in Himachal Pradesh. Situated in-between Dalhousie and Chamba valley, this amazing meadow serves as a perfect getaway destination, especially for those who are looking for a respite form the bustling city life. The picturesque locales, serene ambience and captivating charm of Khajjiar lure tourists from far and wide. Popularly known as Switzerland of India, Khajjar is one of the top tourist destinations. It offers magnificent views of the nature, which include hills, lakes, meandering rivers, and awesome beauty of the thick lush Deodar forest.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2009-02-24 06:23
At the confluence of the Gambhir and Banganga rivers in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, is one of the most enchanting waterfowl refuges in the world - Keoladeo National Park (KNP). Formerly known as the Bharatpur Ghana Bird Sanctuary, the park, which has been extensively modified and managed by man, supports enormous congregations of migratory waterfowl in winter, and massive colonies of breeding, fish-eating birds in the monsoon and autumn. Besides the enormity in number and variety of these birds, the possibility of watching them from close quarters is the major attraction of this park. The rare and most endangered of the cranes, the Siberian crane, which is reported to winter regularly only in Bharatpur in India, is the star visitor to KNP.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2009-02-20 06:32
The backwaters in Kerala are a world of serenity and wonderment. The coastal regions of Kerala have a network of waterways, inlets from the sea, estuaries of over forty rivers, lakes and natural canals connecting coastal towns. This interlinked body of waterways is known as the backwaters in Kerala. Over 900 Km of the Kerala backwaters are navigable and have been used for centuries by the local people for transportation. You can travel on these waterways on a traditional houseboat and enjoy the scenic beauty of the backwaters in Kerala
Submitted by aurora on Sun, 2009-01-18 22:31
Valley of Flowers National Park is an Indian national park, Nestled high in West Himalaya, is renowned for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. This is a beautiful valley, full of flowers in the Garhwal region in the Chamoli district at Mudar in the northern part of the Himalayan mountains range in India. This valley of flowers is famous for its natural beauty. Tourists visit this beautiful valley of flowers from all over the world to enjoy This richly diverse area is also home to rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and blue sheep. The gentle landscape of the Valley of Flowers National Park complements the rugged mountain wilderness of Nanda Devi National Park.
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2009-01-12 07:00
Gulmarg's legendary beauty, prime location and proximity to Srinagar naturally make it one of the premier hill resorts in the country. Originally called ‘Gaurimarg’ by shepherds, its present name was given in the 16th century by Sultan Yusuf Shah, who was inspired by the sight of its grassy slopes emblazoned with wild flowers. Gulmarg was a favourite haunt of Emperor Jehangir who once collected 21 different varieties of flowers from here. Today Gulmarg is not merely a mountain resort of exceptional beauty- it also has the highest green golf course in the world, at an altitude of 2,650 m, and is the country's premier ski resort in the winter.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2009-01-06 07:47
Taj Mahal, the pinnacle of Mughal architecture, was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658), grandson of Akbar the great, in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled ‘Mumtaz Mahal’.The mausoleum is located on the right bank of the river Yamuna at a point where it takes a sharp turn and flows eastwards. Originally, the land where the Taj Mahal presently stands belonged to the Kachhwahas of Ajmer (Rajasthan). The land was acquired from them in lieu of four havelis as is testified by a court historian, Abdul Hamid Lahauri, in his work titled the Badshah-Namah and the firmans (royal decrees). For construction, a network of wells was laid along the river line to support the huge mausoleum buildings.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2008-12-27 08:06
A pleasant retreat set amidst the lush forested hills. Mt. Abu is a green oasis in the barren dessertscape that’s Rajasthan.Situated at the southern tip of the Aravali range, the hill retreat owes its cool climate to its rich flora covering the entire hillside that includes coniferous trees and flowering shrubs. During the British rule in India, it was rewarded as the favorite leisure destination of the British, who came here to escape the dusty, dry heat of the desert. Mount Abu is noted as the only hill station in solid gold of Rajasthan, its a popular summer temptation for millions of tourists to escape heat and dust of Rajasthan.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2008-12-06 08:22
Nainital is a town in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and headquarters of Nainital district in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas. Situated at an altitude of 1,938 metres (6,358 feet) above sea level, Nainital is set in a valley containing a pear-shaped lake, approximately two miles in circumference, and surrounded by mountains, of which the highest are Naina on the north, Deopatha on the west, and Ayarpatha on the south. From the tops of the higher peaks, "magnificent views can be obtained of the vast plain to the south, or of the mass of tangled ridges lying north, bounded by the great snowy range which forms the central axis of the Himalayas.
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-11-24 14:29
Gir National Park & Wildlife Sanctuary is a 1412 sq km hilly tract of dry deciduous forests, acacia scrub, evergreen and semi-evergreen flora and grasslands, fed by rivers and streams.Among the many water-bodies in the reserve is the Kamleshwar Dam, known for its large crocodile population. Originally protected by the Nawab of Junagadh, after British viceroys brought to his attention the plight of the lion in Asia, the sanctuary is the jewel of Gujarat's ecological resources.
Measuring about 258 km² for the fully protected area (the National Park) and 1153 km² for the Sanctuary, the area is considered to be one of the most important protected areas in Asia due to its supported species.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2008-11-13 14:41
The magnificent Sun Temple at Konark is the culmination of Orissan temple architecture, and one of the most stunning monuments of religious architecture in the world.Built by the King Narasimhadeva in the thirteenth century, the entire temple was designed in the shape of a colossal chariot with seven horses and twentyfour wheels , carrying the sun god, Surya, across the heavens. Surya has been a popular deity in India since the Vedic period."Konarka" , the place bears a name composed of two World elements : Kona meaning corner and ARKA meaning the Sun. The main Temple was called by European sailers "The Black Pagoda" as it formed an important landmark for them in their coastal voyage. Contrasting to this , the white washed Temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri was known as the white pagoda.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2008-11-04 08:02
Char Dham is the most important Hindu pilgrimage circuit in the Indian Himalayas. Located in the Garhwal section of the state of Uttarakhand (formerly the northwestern section of Uttar Pradesh), the circuit consists of four sites—Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath , and Badrinath. While each site is unique in its own fashion, inclusion in the Char Dham has, over time, caused them be viewed together in popular imagination and actual pilgrimage practice.
Yamunotri is a pilgrimage site near the source of the Yamuna, a river sacred to the Hindus. Hundreds of thousands go up the 6 km path each year from the settlement of Janaki Chatti. Most walk up but some get carried up by others.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2008-10-09 08:23
The City Palace of Udaipur is one of the most remarkable constructions of the Rajput rulers of Rajasthan. Located in the heart of the city of Udaipur and towering over the Lake Pichola,the City Palace unfailingly infuses a sense of awe in the hearts of its onlookers. It is the standing testimony of Rajput passion for art and architecture despite the fact that the exterior is not as elegant as the interiors.The old part of the palace complex today serves as a museum that stores the legacy of the Rajput rulers for the visitors. Two of the newer portion of the palace have been converted into hotels.
Submitted by aurora on Sun, 2008-09-14 23:04
The Buddhist Karla Caves lie in the western ghats, about 114 kms. away from Mumbai. They are carved out almost 2,000 years ago - and have large collection of Chaityas (halls).The magnificent hall that adorns the main cave reflects the high degree of architectural skills of the artisans who carved and embellished the caves on such a difficult terrain. Although asexquisite as the more famous Ajanta and Ellora caves, these caves are less crowded and make for an extremely pleasant outing. While at Karla, the Bhaja and Bedsa caves are worth a detour. The beautifully carved Chaityas and Viharas (monasteries) take you on a
journey back in time, narrating stories of the past.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2008-09-10 22:28
Onam is the biggest and the most important festival of the state of Kerala. It is a harvest festival and is celebrated with joy and enthusiasm all over the state by people of all communities. According to a popular legend, the festival is celebrated to welcome King Mahabali, whose spirit is said to visit Kerala at the time of Onam. Onam is celebrated in the beginning of the month of Chingam, the first month of Malayalam Calendar (Kollavarsham). This corresponds with the month of August-September according to Gregorian Calendar.
Carnival of Onam lasts from four to ten days. First day, Atham and tenth day, Thiruonam are most important of all.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2008-09-05 07:32

The Vindhyas is a range of mountains in central India logically separating the northern parts with the southern India.The western end of the range rises in eastern Gujarat state, near the border with Madhya Pradesh, and the range runs east and north nearly to the Ganges river at Mirzapur. The southern slopes of the range are drained by the Narmada river, which drains westward to the Arabian Sea.The Vindhyan tableland is a plateau that lies to the north of the central part of the range. The cities of Bhopal and Indore lie on the tableland, which rises higher than the Indo-Gangetic plain to its north. Aligned in a southwest-northeast band, the average height of the range is above 1000 m/3,280 ft.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2008-08-19 22:54
Munnar is Kerala’s premium hill station. A hill station transcending excellence – Munnar is surrounded by gently undulating hills swathed in the soothing green of vast tea estates makes it perfect tourist destination in south India. Situated at an altitude of 1600 m above sea level, its bracing climate with the laidback atmosphere and its delightfully refreshing colonial air makes it the most sought-after destinations.
Kerala itself is called God’s own country, with National Geographic Traveler selecting it as ‘One of 50 must see destinations of a lifetime’ and ‘One of the 10 paradises of the World’. And Munnar is the most popular spot in Kerala. The holiday facilities, peaceful environment and the tranquility that it provides make it the perfect serenity spot
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-08-11 23:26
AJANTA is one of the world's greatest historical monument recognised by UNESCO.These caves were discovered in AD 1819 and were built up in the earlier 2nd century BC-AD. Most of the paintings in Ajanta are right from 2nd century BC-AD and some of them about the fifth century AD and continued for the next two centuries. All paintings shows heavy religious influence and centre around Buddha, Bodhisattvas, incidents from the life of Buddha and the Jatakas. The paintings are executed on a ground of mud-plaster in the tempera technique.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2008-08-08 07:38
Uttarakhand is a state located in the northern part of India. It was known as Uttaranchal between 2000 and 2006, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India on November 9, 2000.In January 2007, the name of the state was officially changed from Uttaranchal, its interim name, to Uttarakhand, according to the wishes of a large section of its people. The state is rich in flora and fauna, natural and touristic ambience, and houses some of the most important pilgrimage centers in the country. Breathtaking in its natural splendor, grand in its wild denizens, and simplicity in its people, the region is a unique experience to your senses. The provisional capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun which is also a rail-head and the largest city in the region. The small hamlet of Gairsen has been mooted as the future capital owing to its geographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehradun to remain provisional capital. The High Court of the state is in Nainital.
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-08-04 22:39
.The Delhi Fort also Lal Qila, meaning the Red Fort,located in Delhi, India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Red Fort, Delhi is one of the important building complexes of India which encapsulates a long period of Indian history and its arts. Its significance has transcended time and space. It is relevant as a symbol of architectural brilliance and power. Even before its notification as a monument of national importance in the year 1913, efforts were made to preserve and conserve the Red Fort, for posterity.
The Red Fort and the city of Shahjahanabad was constructed by the Emperor Shah Jahan in 1639 A.D.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2008-07-30 07:51
The Godavari River is a major waterway in India, next in importance to the Ganges and Indus rivers. It ascends at Triambak which is situated near Nasik in the Western Ghats northeast of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) in Maharashtra. The Godavari flows some 1400 km southeast across south-central India into Andhra Pradesh, and drains into the Bay of Bengal through its seven mouths. Its major tributaries are the Manjra and Indravati rivers. The Godavari River is sacred to all religious people. It has several places of pilgrimage on its banks. Every twelve years, Pushkaram, a major bathing festival, is held on the banks of the river. It is sometimes called the 'Ganga of the South,'
Its tributaries include Indravati River, Manjira River, Bindusara River, Moosi River and Sabari River.
Submitted by aurora on Tue, 2008-07-22 04:33
.Between 1727 and 1734 Maharajah Jai Singh II of Jaipur constructed five astronomical observatories in west central India.The observatories, or "Jantar Mantars" as they are commonly known, incorporate multiple buildings of unique form, each with a specialized function for astronomical measurement. These structures with their striking combinations of geometric forms at large scale, have captivated the attention of architects, artists, and art historians world wide, yet remain largely unknown to general public.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2008-07-17 21:36

Ladakh is a land abounding in awesome physical features, set in an enormous and spectacular environment. Bounded by two of the world's mightiest mountain ranges, the Karakoram in the north and the Great Himalaya in the south, it is traversed by two other parallel chains, the Ladakh Range and the Zanskar Range.Ladakh has often changed names, all of which give a good description of the conditions prevailing in the region: Ladwags-land below the mountain passes; Bladwags: land of the lama; Maryul: the red country; Muah Ris bSsor Gsum: land to the west of Tibet.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2008-07-16 07:45
Kaziranga is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam, India.It is a World Heritage Site, and two-thirds of the world's Great One-horned Rhinoceroses live in the park. Kaziranga has the highest density of tigers among protected areas in the world and was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006. The park has large breeding populations of elephants, water buffalo and swamp deer. Kaziranga is recognised as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International for conservation of avifaunal species. The park has achieved notable success in wildlife conservation compared to other protected areas in India. Located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, the park combines high-species diversity and visibility.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2008-07-05 05:16
Dudhsagar waterfalls situated at a distance of 60 Km from Margoa; that is, on the border of Goa and Karnataka and lying on the eastern border of Goa-Karnataka, is a beholder's delight.The water plummets hundreds of feet in large volumes during the monsoon season, forming one of the most spectacular natural phenomena in Goa. It is a major part of the Goa ecosystem.This is a four tiered waterfall with a total height of 310 meters (1017 feet} and an average width of 30 meters (100 feet).
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-06-30 23:56
The Nehru Trophy Boat Race on the Punnamda Lake, near Alappuzha, held on the second Saturday of August every year, is the most competitive and popular of the boat races. There are several boat races in Kerala like Champakulam, Pulinkunnu, Aranmula Cheruthana, etc but the Nehru Trophy Boat Race held at the Punnamada Lake is the most famous and popular among them.On the day of this fiercely fought boat race, the tranquil lake front is transformed into a sea of humanity with an estimated two lakh people, including tourists from abroad, coming to watch the event. For the people of each village in Kuttanad, a victory at this race for their village boat is something to be celebrated for months to come.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2008-06-25 07:33
Sri Harmandir Sahib, also known as Sri Darbar Sahib or Golden Temple, (on account of its scenic beauty and golden coating for English speaking world), is named after Hari(God) the temple of God.The Sikhs all over the world, daily wish to pay visit to Sri Amritsar and to pay obeisance at Sri Harmandir Sahib in their Ardas.
Guru Arjan Sahib, the Fifth Nanak, conceived the idea of creating a central place of worship for the Sikhs and he himself designed the architecture of Sri Harmandir Sahib. Earlier the planning to excavate the holy tank (Amritsar or Amrit Sarovar ) was chalked out by Guru Amardas Sahib, the Third Nanak, but it was executed by Guru Ramdas Sahib under the supervision of Baba Budha ji. The land for the site was acquired by the earlier Guru Sahibs on payment or free of cost from the Zamindars (landlords) of native villages.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2008-06-21 21:52
.The Brihadeswara temple is one of the most ancient and the most celebrated Hindu temple in the world.The temple is located in the city of Thanjavur that is also known as Tanjore, in the Indian province of Tamilnadu. The UNESCO has adjudged this thousand years old temple a "World Heritage Site".
Brihadeswara is the most illustrious and a brilliant example of the Dravidian style temple architecture. The building that carries the main sanctum is known as the 'Periya Kovil'. This stands amidst fortified walls that were probably added in the 16th century.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2008-06-07 23:40
The tiniest Union Territory of India, Lakshadweep is an archipelago consisting of 12 atolls, three reefs and five submerged banks. It is a uni-district Union Territory with an area of 32 Sq.Kms and is comprised of ten inhabited islands, 17 uninhabited islands attached islets, four newly formed islets and 5 submerged reefs. The inhabited islands are Kavaratti, Agatti, Amini, Kadmat, Kiltan, Chetlat, Bitra, Andrott, Kalpeni and Minicoy. Bitra is the smallest of all having only a population of 225 persons (Census 1991). The uninhabited island Bangaram has been enumerated during 1991 census operation and has a population of 61 persons.
Early history of Lakshadweep is unwritten. What now passes for history is based on various legends. Local traditions attribute the first settlement on these islands to the period of Cheraman Perumal, the last king of Kerala.
Submitted by aurora on Sat, 2008-05-17 00:36
Although Sikkim is one of the smallest Himalayan states, with an area of 7,299 sq. km. the biodiversity has given Sikkim an unique status. For example, within 30 km of Tholung Valley the altitude rises from 600 m to 5,500 m. Due to this steepness of the mountain and the geographical and climatic conditions, the floral and faunal diversity ranges from tropical species to high altitude cold desert species.
Of total of about 1,400 butterflies recorded from the Indian Sub-continent almost 50% of butterflies are recorded from Sikkim. Of the total area of Sikkim 40% (North Sikkim) is almost inhabitable and is covered with snow for about 4-8 months to perpetual snow and unsuitable for any life.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2008-05-15 22:17
The Sarasvati River is one of the chief Rigvedic rivers mentioned in ancient Hindu texts. The Nadistuti hymn in the Rigveda (10.75) mentions the Sarasvati between the Yamuna in the east and the Sutlej in the west, and later Vedic texts like Tandya and Jaiminiya Brahmanas as well as the Mahabharata mention that the Sarasvati dried up in a desert. The goddess Sarasvati was originally a personification of this river, but later developed an independent identity and meaning.
The river Saraswati, during its heydays, is described to be much bigger than Sindhu or the Indus River. During the Vedic period, this river had coursed through the region between modern Yamuna and Sutlej. Though Saraswati is lost, many of its contemporary rivers like Markanda, Chautang and Ghaggar have outlived it and survived till today. All the big rivers of this period –Saraswati, Shatadru (Sutlej), Yamuna derived their waters from glaciers which had extensively covered the Himalayas during the Pleistocene times.
Submitted by aurora on Sun, 2008-05-11 23:45
The Western Ghats also known as Sahyadri mountains, is a mountain range in the west of peninsular India. It runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti River, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula. About sixty percent of the Western Ghats are located in the state of Karnataka.
The Western Ghats mediates the rainfall regime of peninsular India by intercepting the southwestern monsoon winds.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2008-05-01 19:21

Bhimbetka rock shelters compose an archaeological site and World Heritage Site located in Raisen District in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.The Bhimbetka shelters exhibit the earliest traces of human life in India; its Stone Age rock paintings are approximately 9,000 years old.The name Bhimbetika comes from the mythological association of the place with Bhima, one of the Pandavas (The five sons of king Pandu and the queens Kunti and Madri) in the Hindu epic Mahabharata.It is the biggest repository of prehistoric art in India. Continuous habitation from the Early Stone Age…." One of the earliest dwellings of human beings, Bhimbetka will take you back to the history 35000 years old. In fact, the place has witnessed a cultural sequences right from the late stone age to the early historic period.
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-04-28 22:58
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India lies in the Bay of Bengal. It consists of about 527 islands both small and large. The coastline of the Islands stretches for about 100 Kms. The Islands are covered with dense forests all around. The area of the Islands is about 8,293 square kilometers. The Islands consist of 2 groups, the Andaman and Nicobar. These two groups are separated by about 300 Km. the capital city is Port Blair. Of the total land area 92% of the land is covered with rain forests. Of the 527 islands, in only 38 islands we find the inhabitants. The rest of the land is barren. Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie close to the Arakanmayo mountain range of Burma which lies to the sides of Sumatra of Indonesia. Andaman is a developing land, with people being cultured and literate. The Nicobar Islands are still inhabited by primitive tribes and backward communities.
Submitted by aurora on Fri, 2008-04-25 17:51
Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India. It is also called the only in the world due to the floating Phundies on it. It is located near Moirang in Manipur state. It was designated as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on March 23, 1990. It is an ancient lake and plays an important role in the economy of Manipur. It serves as a source of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and drinking water supply. The lake is also a source of livelihood for the rural fishermen who live in the surrounding areas and on Phumdis - floating islands, which are actually heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matters at various stages of decomposition. Loktak lake is considered to be the lifeline of the State of Manipur due to its importance in the socio-economic and cultural life of the people.
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-04-21 22:00

Malana is an ancient village to the north-east of Kullu Valley. This solitary village in the Malana Nala a side valley of the Parvati Valley is isolated from the rest of the world. The majestic peaks of Chandrakhani and Deotibba shadow the village.It is situated on a remote plateau by the side of torrential Malana river at a height of 3029 m above the sea level. Unaffected by the modern civilisation, Malana has its own lifestyle and social structure. People are strict in following their customs. For an outsider, these customs are mysterious and amazing at the same time.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2008-04-17 19:32

Pangong Tso is a lake situated far away in barren land in Ladakh. This lake is known for its calm, clear and unending expanse. It is the one of biggest lake in Asia. Its area falls under both India and China. One third of it is in India and remaining in China. It is 130 km long and 7 km wide. It is located on the Changtang plateau in eastern Ladakh, around 140 km South-east of Leh, at an altitude of over 14000 feet. Pangong Tso is also known as hollow lake. It is clear symbol of natures craftsmanship. Its brackish water plays with sun light to produce different colour effect. This area falls under army control and requires pass from deputy commissioner of LehTo reach this lake one has to travel 30 km down the Manali-leh highway to reach karu. From where the road splits, one goes to Manali and one 113 km long to Pangong tso.
Submitted by aurora on Mon, 2008-03-24 23:42

Jog Fall located at southern state of Karnataka is India's highest waterfall. Created by the Sharavathi River falling from a height of 253 meters (829 ft) is the highest plunge waterfall in India and the 7th deepest in the world. Located in Shimoga District of Karnataka state, It is also called by alternative names of Gerusoppe falls, Gersoppa Falls and Jogada Gundi. The falls are in four distinct cascades called as, Raja, Rani, Roarer and Rocket. Jog Falls during Monsoon. Associated with the waterfall is the nearby Linganmakki Dam across river Sharavathi, and the hydro-electric power station that it serves. The power station has been operational since 1949, and is, at 1200 MW capacity, one of the largest hydro-electric stations in India and a significant source of electric power for Karnataka. The power station was previously named. It was served by Hirebhaskara dam until 1960. After 1960, thanks to visions of Sir M. Visvesvarayya, Linganmakki Dam, built across river Sharavathi is being used for power generation.
Submitted by aurora on Wed, 2008-03-12 23:08

Cherrapunji, Meghalaya. It is a town in East Khasi Hills district in Meghalaya. It is credited as being the wettest place on earth. Cherrapunji sits on the southern tip of a plateau that looms over Bangladesh. The cliffs of Cherrapunji are the first place hit by moisture that forms over the Bay of Bengal. All the rain lands on arid, deforested, ground. As there is no reservoir to store the rain water, it rapidly runs down the hill towards the plains of Bangladesh. Cherrapunji's yearly rainfall average stands at 11,430 mm (450 in). This figure places it behind only nearby Mawsynram, Meghalaya, whose average is 11,873 mm (467 in) and Mount Wai?ale?ale on the Hawaiian island of Kaua?i, whose average is 11,684 mm (460 in).
Submitted by Lisha on Sat, 2009-05-09 12:41
The early history of British expansion in India was characterised by the co-existence of two approaches towards the existing princely states. The first was a policy of annexation, where the British sought to forcibly absorb the Indian princely states into the provinces which constituted their Empire in India. The second was a policy of indirect rule, where the British assumed suzerainty and paramountcy over princely states, but conceded some degree of sovereignty to them. ..
Submitted by Lisha on Mon, 2009-02-02 15:38
India, a nation that has undergone complete transformation after it got independence from the British Rule. But somehow the influence from the West never ceased to affect our culture and the growth of the Nation. The three major transforms taken from the entire lot is the way Mobiles, Cars and Malls have brought to the India nationality.
Submitted by Lisha on Thu, 2008-09-18 20:43
The story before: The positive role that dairying could play in providing income and employment opportunity was clear to policy-makers long time back and a set of measures were put in place to develop and protect the dairy industry. Immediately after India gained independence, the Milk Control Board was set up which controlled the supply and distribution chains.
Submitted by Lisha on Tue, 2008-08-05 17:30
India and space laws: A millennium perspective
THE LAUNCH of Sputnik 1 by the former Soviet Union in 1957, followed by a similar feat by the U. S., within a few months, heralded the birth of the space age. The development and application of space technology has since made a tremendous global impact in diversified fields including social, economic, cultural and scientific.
Submitted by Lisha on Wed, 2008-04-30 20:24
India is a country with a diversity of languages. Out of more than one thousand mother tongues, only eighteen languages are included in the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution. Development of a particular state or region, to a very great extent, depends on the development of its regional language. This was an important reason given at the time of the formation of linguistic states, though many criticized such a linguistic “division” or “re-organization”.
Submitted by rajat on Fri, 2008-03-28 11:19
 Past two decades have seen an unprecedented rise in the number of farmer suicides in our country. Across the nation, lacks of farmers have taken their lives in these years. Though this process is on for almost 2 decades, but it is only now that the nation is getting to know the seriousness and the extent of it. We are going through the worst ever farm crisis in the history of our nation.
Submitted by Lisha on Wed, 2008-03-12 18:16
3rd December 1984 Shortly after midnight poison gas leaked from a factory in Bhopal, India, owned by the Union Carbide Corporation. There was no warning, none of the plant's safety systems were working. In the city people were sleeping. They woke in darkness to the sound of screams with the gases burning their eyes, noses and mouths. They began retching and coughing up froth streaked with blood. Whole neighbourhoods fled in panic, some were trampled, others convulsed and fell dead. People lost control of their bowels and bladders as they ran. Within hours thousands of dead bodies lay in the streets.
Submitted by Lisha on Tue, 2008-02-19 18:14

It is hard to imagine today that there existed a time in independent India when the then Prime Minister of the country, Sw. Lal Bahadur Shastriji had to appeal to the nation to skip one meal a day. Our nation saw one of the darkest era when we faced acute shortage of food in the 60s. Ships from America brought in bad quality grain as charity to feel us and the Nation battled with the problems of rising prices and hunger.
Submitted by rajat on Tue, 2008-01-29 00:31
 The Emergency in India denotes the 21-month period between June 25, 1975 and March 21, 1977 when President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, upon advice by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, declared a State of Emergency in India under Article 352 of the Constitution of India, effectively bestowing on her the power to rule by decree, suspending elections and civil liberties. It is one of the most controversial periods in the history of independent India. During the Emergency, many opposition leaders were jailed, freedom of press was suspended and powers of the judiciary were curtailed
Submitted by rajat on Mon, 2007-12-31 15:07
The Ancient Legend
In India there is an ancient legend about a girl, Amrita Devi, who died trying to protect the trees that surrounded her village. The story recounts a time when the local Maharajah's tree cutters arrived to cut the villager's trees for wood for his new fortress. Amrita, with others, jumped in front of the trees and hugged them. In some versions of the tale their dramatic efforts prevented the forest's destruction; in others Amrita dies in her valiant attempt.
Submitted by aurora on Thu, 2009-10-22 18:23
The All India Muslim League (AIML) was formed in Dhaka in 1906 by Muslims who were suspicious of the Hindu-majority Indian National Congress. They complained that Muslim members did not have the same rights as Hindu members. A number of different scenarios were proposed at various times. Among the first to make the demand for a separate state was the writer/philosopher Allama Iqbal, who, in his presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise Hindu-dominated subcontinent.
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