The National Defence Academy is a premier Inter Service training institution where future officers of Armed Forces are trained. The training involves an exacting schedule of 3 years before the cadets join their respective Service Academies, viz. Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy and Air Force Academy.The history of soldiering in India goes back to the medieval ages when India defended its western borders against attacks from the West. The names of Porus and Chandra Gupta Maurya immediately come to mind, who gave Alexander the great, his first taste of tough resistance and defeat. The history of present day Army can be traced back to the days of East India Company when the Presidency armies, namely the Bombay,Madras and Bengal Presidencies started recruiting Indian troops. However, it was not until 1918, when a Cadet College was started at Indore to train Indians for officers cadre in the Army.
Next step towards Indianisation of officers cadre in the Army was setting up of Indian Military Academy (IMA) at Dehra Dun in 1932. After the experiences of World War II, the need was felt for an Inter Services Academy where future officers of the three services could be trained together. A Committee was setup on 02 May 1945 to plan a National War Academy on the lines of Sandhurst Military Academy in England.The Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr Amarnath Jha, Vice Chancellor of Allahabad University, toured various Military, Naval and Air Force Academies in UK, USA and Canada.It was on 15 Dec 1948 that under the leadership of Colonel Kamta Prasad, the Joint Services Wing (JSW) was set up at Clement Town, Dehra Dun. On 01 Jan 1950, the Academy was renamed NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY (NDA). In Dec 1954, the NDA shifted to Khadakwasla (Poona) under the guidance of then Commandant, Maj Gen Enayat Habibullah.
All the cadets joining the NDA after their 10+2 Examination, are trained in the Academy for three years culminating into graduation in B.A/B.Sc. or B. Sc.(Computer Science) degree of Jawaharlal Nehru University. Apart from academic training they are also trained in outdoor skills, like Drill, PT and games. The emphasis in NDA is on character building, esprit-de-corps, mental and physical robustness,
leadership and a sense of keen observation. NDA has an excellent infrastructure for all-round training of cadets. Vast array of facilities like spacious and well maintained classrooms, well equipped labs, two Olympic size swimming pools, a Gymnasium, 32 football grounds, polo grounds, a cricket stadium and a number of squash and tennis courts. The academic year is divided into two terms, viz. Spring Term (January to May ) and Autumn Term (July to December). Here a cadet has to undergo training for a total of six terms before he passes out from NDA.
The moment a cadet reports to the Academy, he is allotted to one of the 15 Squadrons, which then becomes his home for the next three years. The Squadrons are named as Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hunter, India, Juliet,Kilo, Lima, Mike, November and Oscar. These squadrons constitute the four Battalions at the Academy. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 Battalions have four squadrons each while No. 4 has only 3 squadrons. Each squadron has approximately 100 to 120 cadets drawn from senior as well as junior courses under training in the Academy. Each Battalions commanded by a Colonel or equivalent while each squadron is commanded by a Major or Equivalent. In addition each squadron has four officers of the rank of Capt or equivalent posted as Divisional Officers.
The Academic faculty is headed by the Principal who exercises command through the HsOD. The Academy has approximately 200 civilian and service instructors to teach the above subjects. The ratio of teacher to student in the Academy is 1:20, which is one of the best in the country. The cadets undergo a total of 2904 contact periods for academic subjects. Apart from this, cadets are also given extra coaching on a regular basis in the subject they are found weak.
A career as an officer in the armed forces demands a very high standard of physical fitness. A new entrant to the Academy is generally an happy-to-lucky young man, without any exposure to the rigors of soldiering. He is slowly but surely transformed into an ever-vigilant man of tremendous physical strength and stamina. This is achieved through scientifically designed physical training exercises,which help in all round physical development of the cadet.Sports and games are given prime importance in the NDA. 
Facilities exist for all major games including Hockey, Football, Boxing, Cricket, Handball, Basket Ball, Volley Ball, Squash, Tennis, Rowing, Yachting, and Sailing. The academy houses two Olympic size swimming pools and a well furnished gymnasium.Physical training and sports are the responsibility of Physical Training Team which has NIS trained coaches and PT instructors to carry out its functions.The NDA cadets are expected to learn riding as well as animal management. Equitation Training Team is responsible for this aspects of training. The Team stables a number of fine horses to teach cadets riding, polo and show jumping. There is also a Veterinary Hospital to look after these horses
In their sixth term cadets are exposed to specialised service training and skills which they are required to learn in order to become commissioned officers in their respective service. This is the responsibility of respective training teams namely, Army Training Team, Naval Training Team and Air Forces Training Team.The specialised service training for Army Cadet is imparted by this Team. The senior Army Battalion Commander is also the Senior Instructor for the Army Training Team.
The cadets are taught section level tactics and basic operations of war, like patrolling, ambush and map reading.The specialised service training for Air Force Cadet is imparted by this Team. 
the senior Air Force Battalion Commander is the Senior Instructor for the Air Force Training Team. All Air Force cadets undergo practical training of gliding. AFTT is fully equipped to provide about 12 launches to each Airforce cadet before he joins the Air Force Academy.
The specialised service training for Naval Cadet is imparted by this Team. The senior Naval Battalion Commander is the Senior Instructor for the Naval Training Team. All Naval cadets undergo practical training of sailing at Peacock Bay, which is fully equipped to train naval cadets on all the aspects of Boat handling, Wind Surfing, Rowing and other related areas.
Cadets at NDA are also exposed to other facets of life through hobby clubs, which include Rock Climbing & Trekking, Nature Study, Music (Indian and Western, Photography, Arts, Model Making, Aero Modeling, Computers and many more to use their leisure fruitfully.
Cadets participate in cultural competitions and exhibitions and have won many laurels for NDA with their grit and talent. Talks and seminars by eminent personalities from Defence and Civil alike are organised for the benefit of cadets.Inter-Battalion Entertainment, Quiz Competitions, Debates, Music and Drmas from an integral part of the cultural panorama of cadets life at NDA.
A service officer's precision, cohesion and steadiness; alertness and sense of confidence; implicit obedience to orders; requisite spirit of pride and elegance; smart physical bearing and meticulous turn-out; all demanding sweating out in the parade ground. Discipline, endurance, honesty daring and devotion to duty are drilled, drummed and nurtured in the drill square.
Foot drill, sword drill, rifle drill, cane drill, ceremonial drill, colour parade Guard of Honour, the inter service character is maintained on the length and breadth of the parade ground. After three years' rushing, pushing, hurrying, worrying, tossing, swinging and swating on the parade ground the ordeal culminates in the grand finale -- passing out parade. 
The indispensable ordeal which begins with stress ends with the accompaniment of solemn melancholy strains of Burns' immortal lyric Auld lang Syne which has summed up for ever the sadness of all human partings. As the passing -out cadets march off in sixes in slow time across the parade ground, to pay their final compliment, upto the Quarter-Deck, the junior most cadets who man the mast burst into cheers for their departing seniors.
Although all reports indicate that the city is running at possibly the lowest levels of stocks for certain blood components, it is not that Sankalp is just complaining about it. Over the 2 month period from June 2010 to July 2010, Sankalp organised multiple blood donation drives with more than 1100 units of blood being collected. A million thanks to all the organisers and donors for standing up to the challenge. Here is a brief note on all the various camps held with different organisations.
The dengue infections have reached their peak in Bangalore. We have scores of patients around the city receiving treatment for the same. A direct impact of this is the increase in workload of the Sankalp Emergency Team.
The World Blood Donor Day is celebrated on a world-wide scale on 14th June. This time Sankalp has taken the initiative to organize a Blood Donor Week 
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On the 22nd of May this year, Sankalp India Foundation celebrated being 7 years old. To mark this milestone, a small event was organized at MSRIT. Well wishers, parents of volunteers, members from the blood banking community, friends, and people from organizations with whom we work were all part of the event.
The early history of British expansion in India was characterised by the co-existence of two approaches towards the existing princely states. The first was a policy of annexation, where the British sought to forcibly absorb the Indian princely states into the provinces which constituted their Empire in India. The second was a policy of indirect rule, where the British assumed suzerainty and paramountcy over princely states, but conceded some degree of sovereignty to them. .. 
India, a nation that has undergone complete transformation after it got independence from the British Rule. But somehow the influence from the West never ceased to affect our culture and the growth of the Nation. The three major transforms taken from the entire lot is the way Mobiles, Cars and Malls have brought to the India nationality.
The positive role that dairying could play in providing income and employment opportunity was clear to policy-makers long time back and a set of measures were put in place to develop and protect the dairy industry. Immediately after India gained independence, the Milk Control Board was set up which controlled the supply and distribution chains.
India and space laws: A millennium perspective
India is a country with a diversity of languages. Out of more than one thousand mother tongues, only eighteen languages are included in the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution. Development of a particular state or region, to a very great extent, depends on the development of its regional language. This was an important reason given at the time of the formation of linguistic states, though many criticized such a linguistic “division” or “re-organization”.
Past two decades have seen an unprecedented rise in the number of farmer suicides in our country. Across the nation, lacks of farmers have taken their lives in these years. Though this process is on for almost 2 decades, but it is only now that the nation is getting to know the seriousness and the extent of it. We are going through the worst ever farm crisis in the history of our nation.
3rd December 1984 Shortly after midnight poison gas leaked from a factory in Bhopal, India, owned by the Union Carbide Corporation. There was no warning, none of the plant's safety systems were working. In the city people were sleeping. They woke in darkness to the sound of screams with the gases burning their eyes, noses and mouths. They began retching and coughing up froth streaked with blood. Whole neighbourhoods fled in panic, some were trampled, others convulsed and fell dead. People lost control of their bowels and bladders as they ran. Within hours thousands of dead bodies lay in the streets.
The Emergency in India denotes the 21-month period between June 25, 1975 and March 21, 1977 when President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, upon advice by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, declared a State of Emergency in India under Article 352 of the Constitution of India, effectively bestowing on her the power to rule by decree, suspending elections and civil liberties. It is one of the most controversial periods in the history of independent India. During the Emergency, many opposition leaders were jailed, freedom of press was suspended and powers of the judiciary were curtailed
The Ancient Legend 
The All India Muslim League (AIML) was formed in Dhaka in 1906 by Muslims who were suspicious of the Hindu-majority Indian National Congress. They complained that Muslim members did not have the same rights as Hindu members. A number of different scenarios were proposed at various times. Among the first to make the demand for a separate state was the writer/philosopher Allama Iqbal, who, in his presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise Hindu-dominated subcontinent.
